{"id":55,"date":"2014-05-17T09:32:36","date_gmt":"2014-05-17T08:32:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/home.uia.no\/hayles13\/?page_id=55"},"modified":"2014-05-17T09:33:49","modified_gmt":"2014-05-17T08:33:49","slug":"2-evje-ski-trip","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/home.uia.no\/hayles13\/assignments\/2-evje-ski-trip\/","title":{"rendered":"2. Evje Ski Trip"},"content":{"rendered":"

Intro:\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/em>Our\u00a0second\u00a0round\u00a0of\u00a0skiing\u00a0took\u00a0place\u00a0in\u00a0Evje\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0TrollActiv\u00a0Centre\u00a0about 70km\u00a0North\u00a0of\u00a0Kristiansand.\u00a0We\u00a0were\u00a0here\u00a0from\u00a0Monday\u00a0to\u00a0Friday\u00a0learning cross\u00a0country\u00a0ski\u00a0techniques.\u00a0We\u00a0were\u00a0staying\u00a0in\u00a0fully\u00a0equipped\u00a0cabins\u00a0which was\u00a0great!\u00a0Tim\u00a0Davis\u00a0the\u00a0owner\u00a0of\u00a0TrollActiv\u00a0was\u00a0our\u00a0main\u00a0instructor\u00a0with\u00a0the help\u00a0of\u00a0Ketil\u00a0and\u00a0Simon.\u00a0The\u00a0snow\u00a0conditions\u00a0were\u00a0quite\u00a0icy\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0first\u00a0two\u00a0days followed\u00a0by\u00a0alot\u00a0of\u00a0snowfall\u00a0which\u00a0made\u00a0the\u00a0snow\u00a0quite\u00a0deep\u00a0and\u00a0powdery.\u00a0Our main\u00a0aims\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0trip\u00a0were\u00a0to\u00a0learn\u00a0and\u00a0improve\u00a0on\u00a0our\u00a0basic\u00a0ski\u00a0techniques,\u00a0ski preparation,\u00a0day\u00a0pack\u00a0packing\u00a0and\u00a0first\u00a0aid\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0field.\u00a0The\u00a0days\u00a0were\u00a0spent\u00a0skiing and\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0evenings\u00a0we\u00a0were\u00a0presented\u00a0with\u00a0a\u00a0lecture.\u00a0One\u00a0afternoon\u00a0was\u00a0also\u00a0spent on\u00a0snowshoes\u00a0geocaching.<\/p>\n

Week Overview:<\/em>
\nMonday: Arrive at TrollActiv. Skiing in local area and learning ski techniques. Lecture on skis and wax
\nTuesday: Technique training, 5km tour on tracks and lecture on first aid in the field.
\nWednesday: Technique training, 8km tour on tracks, lecture on packing a ruck sack.
\nThursday: Technique training and a 10km tour on tracks with some off-track touring.
\nFriday: 15km day trip to mountain top.<\/p>\n

1. What\u00a0does\u00a0the\u00a0Recreation\u00a0Act\u00a0tells\u00a0you\u00a0for\u00a0use\u00a0of\u00a0this\u00a0area?<\/strong><\/em>Skiing\u00a0is\u00a0performed\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0winter\u00a0when\u00a0the\u00a0ground\u00a0is\u00a0covered\u00a0by\u00a0a\u00a0decent\u00a0layer\u00a0of\u00a0snow. As\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0not\u00a0a\u00a0motorized\u00a0activity,\u00a0it\u00a0does\u00a0not\u00a0harm\u00a0the\u00a0environment\u00a0with\u00a0diesel\u00a0or\u00a0noise pollution.\u00a0Therefore\u00a0this\u00a0allows\u00a0skiers\u00a0to\u00a0access\u00a0cultivated\u00a0land\u00a0unless\u00a0otherwise\u00a0specifically signed.<\/p>\n

2.Ski\u00a0Preparation<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/strong>An\u00a0important\u00a0part\u00a0of\u00a0learning\u00a0to\u00a0cross\u00a0country\u00a0ski\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0ski\u00a0preparation.\u00a0If\u00a0the\u00a0skis\u00a0are not\u00a0prepared\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0right\u00a0way,\u00a0skiing\u00a0may\u00a0not\u00a0be\u00a0as\u00a0enjoyable.\u00a0When\u00a0looking\u00a0at\u00a0a\u00a0ski, there\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0binding,\u00a0camber,\u00a0glide\u00a0zone\u00a0and\u00a0grip\u00a0zone.<\/p>\n

Binding:\u00a0<\/em>This\u00a0is\u00a0where\u00a0your\u00a0foot\u00a0is\u00a0placed\u00a0and\u00a0locked\u00a0in\u00a0with\u00a0a\u00a0binding\u00a0that\u00a0presses\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0front of\u00a0your\u00a0ski\u00a0boot.<\/p>\n

Camber:\u00a0<\/em>Telemark\u00a0skis\u00a0have\u00a0camber\u00a0meaning\u00a0they\u00a0are\u00a0quite\u00a0flexible\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0middle\u00a0allowing\u00a0for the\u00a0grip\u00a0zone\u00a0to\u00a0create\u00a0friction\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0snow.<\/p>\n

Glide\u00a0zone:\u00a0<\/em>These\u00a0are\u00a0located\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a01st\u00a0and\u00a03rd\u00a0third\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0skis.\u00a0These\u00a0allow\u00a0the\u00a0ski\u00a0to\u00a0glide\u00a0on the\u00a0snow\u00a0once\u00a0the\u00a0skier\u00a0has\u00a0pushed\u00a0off\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0other\u00a0leg.<\/p>\n

Grip\u00a0zone:\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>The\u00a0grip\u00a0zone\u00a0is\u00a0located\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0middle\u00a0third\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0ski\u00a0and\u00a0is\u00a0responsible\u00a0for\u00a0\u201cgripping\u201d the\u00a0snow\u00a0in\u00a0order\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0skier\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0able\u00a0to\u00a0push\u00a0forward.<\/p>\n

To\u00a0prepare\u00a0the\u00a0skis,\u00a0a\u00a0glide\u00a0wax\u00a0is\u00a0placed\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0first\u00a0and\u00a0last\u00a0third.\u00a0Sandpaper\u00a0is\u00a0then used\u00a0to\u00a0rough\u00a0up\u00a0the\u00a0middle\u00a0third.\u00a0Five\u00a0coats\u00a0of\u00a0base\u00a0wax\u00a0are\u00a0then\u00a0placed\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0middle third\u00a0and\u00a0either\u00a0corked\u00a0or\u00a0ironed\u00a0in.\u00a0The\u00a0final\u00a0layer\u00a0of\u00a0wax\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0middle\u00a0third\u00a0is\u00a0dependent on\u00a0the\u00a0weather.\u00a0Three\u00a0to\u00a0four\u00a0layers\u00a0of\u00a0this\u00a0are\u00a0placed\u00a0on\u00a0and\u00a0corked\u00a0in.\u00a0The\u00a0reason\u00a0for so\u00a0many\u00a0layers\u00a0is\u00a0because\u00a0wax\u00a0will\u00a0come\u00a0off\u00a0in\u00a0layers.\u00a0The\u00a0amount\u00a0of\u00a0layers\u00a0placed\u00a0on the\u00a0skis\u00a0should\u00a0be\u00a0dependent\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0length\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0trip\u00a0\u2013i.e.\u00a0longer\u00a0trip\u00a0=\u00a0more\u00a0layers.\u00a0Below\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0picture\u00a0that\u00a0shows\u00a0the\u00a0different\u00a0types\u00a0of\u00a0waxes for\u00a0different\u00a0conditions.\u00a0As\u00a0well\u00a0as\u00a0wax,\u00a0there\u00a0are\u00a0also\u00a0skins\u00a0which\u00a0can\u00a0be\u00a0placed\u00a0onto the\u00a0bottom\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0skis\u00a0to\u00a0make\u00a0walking\u00a0up\u00a0mountains\u00a0easier.\u00a0The\u00a0right\u00a0wax\u00a0is\u00a0essential as\u00a0it\u00a0allows\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0ski\u00a0to\u00a0have\u00a0perfect\u00a0kick\u00a0\/\u00a0glide\u00a0movement.\u00a0The\u00a0wrong\u00a0wax\u00a0can\u00a0cause the\u00a0skis\u00a0to\u00a0not\u00a0grip\u00a0or\u00a0to\u00a0collect\u00a0snow.\u00a0When\u00a0applying\u00a0wax\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0also\u00a0good\u00a0to\u00a0remember to\u00a0apply\u00a0it\u00a0in\u00a0a\u00a0warm\u00a0room\u00a0so\u00a0the\u00a0wax\u00a0goes\u00a0onto\u00a0the\u00a0ski\u00a0much\u00a0easier. For more information on waxing skis, refer to the following website:\u00a0http:\/\/www.swixschool.com<\/p>\n

On this trip, we also were provided with ‘skins’ for the last day This was because we were to ski up a steep mountainside. Skins are strips of fabric with adhesive backs that are placed onto your skis from tip to tail. These act in the same way that tread does – by providing extra friction (evo 2014). This allows the skier to move more quickly up hills as there is no longer the need for herring-boning. Skins however do restricted the glide movement of skis on flat ground and slow the skier’s speed on downhill slopes.<\/p>\n

3. Ski Technique<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/strong>While\u00a0in\u00a0Evje\u00a0we\u00a0learnt\u00a0many\u00a0cross\u00a0country\u00a0skiing\u00a0techniques.\u00a0Some\u00a0were\u00a0easier\u00a0to\u00a0master\u00a0than\u00a0others\u00a0\u2013\u00a0particularly\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0snow\u00a0conditions\u00a0we\u00a0had.\u00a0Some\u00a0techniques\u00a0that\u00a0we\u00a0learnt\u00a0included:<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em>–\u00a0Classic\u00a0skiing:<\/strong>\u00a0pushing\u00a0back\u00a0on\u00a0one\u00a0ski\u00a0to\u00a0propel\u00a0the\u00a0other\u00a0ski\u00a0forward.\u00a0This\u00a0should\u00a0be\u00a0done when\u00a0trekking\u00a0on\u00a0cross\u00a0country\u00a0skis. –\u00a0Step\u00a0turns<\/strong>:\u00a0lifting\u00a0one\u00a0leg\u00a0and\u00a0placing\u00a0it\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0opposite\u00a0direction,\u00a0twist\u00a0your\u00a0body\u00a0and balancing\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0ski\u00a0poles\u00a0and\u00a0then\u00a0bringing\u00a0the\u00a0other\u00a0leg\u00a0around\u00a0to\u00a0face\u00a0the\u00a0position\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0turned\u00a0ski. –\u00a0Skating<\/strong>:\u00a0Turning\u00a0the\u00a0skis\u00a0outward\u00a0slightly\u00a0and\u00a0pushing\u00a0off\u00a0with\u00a0one\u00a0leg\u00a0while\u00a0balancing on\u00a0the\u00a0other\u00a0and\u00a0then\u00a0continually\u00a0switching\u00a0sides.\u00a0The\u00a0skis\u00a0should\u00a0always\u00a0be\u00a0pushing\u00a0away from\u00a0each\u00a0other\u00a0(similar\u00a0to\u00a0roller\u00a0skating\u00a0or\u00a0ice\u00a0skating). –\u00a0Snow\u00a0plough:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0technique\u00a0is\u00a0used\u00a0to\u00a0slow\u00a0yourself\u00a0down\u00a0or\u00a0come\u00a0to\u00a0a\u00a0complete\u00a0stop when\u00a0going\u00a0downhill.\u00a0To\u00a0do\u00a0this,\u00a0turn\u00a0the\u00a0tops\u00a0of\u00a0your\u00a0skis\u00a0together\u00a0to\u00a0create\u00a0an\u00a0upside down\u00a0\u2018V\u2019\u00a0shape\u00a0with\u00a0your\u00a0skis\u00a0and\u00a0then\u00a0pronate\u00a0your\u00a0feet\u00a0to\u00a0edge\u00a0your\u00a0skis\u00a0into\u00a0the\u00a0snow. –\u00a0Herringbone:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0technique\u00a0is\u00a0used\u00a0to\u00a0climb\u00a0up\u00a0a\u00a0hill\u00a0and\u00a0in\u00a0order\u00a0to\u00a0do\u00a0this\u00a0you\u00a0turn the\u00a0tops\u00a0of\u00a0your\u00a0skis\u00a0out\u00a0to\u00a0create\u00a0a\u00a0\u2018V\u2019\u00a0shape,\u00a0pronate\u00a0your\u00a0feet\u00a0slightly\u00a0so\u00a0as\u00a0to\u00a0edge your\u00a0skis\u00a0and\u00a0then\u00a0walk\u00a0up\u00a0the\u00a0hill\u00a0keeping\u00a0your\u00a0body\u00a0weight\u00a0back\u00a0slightly. –\u00a0Telemarking:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0turn\u00a0is\u00a0one\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0oldest\u00a0way\u00a0to\u00a0turn\u00a0on\u00a0skis\u00a0and\u00a0involves\u00a0propping one\u00a0leg\u00a0forward\u00a0in\u00a0a\u00a0lunge\u00a0position,\u00a0keeping\u00a0the\u00a0body\u00a0upright\u00a0and\u00a0forcing\u00a0more\u00a0weight onto\u00a0the\u00a0front\u00a0leg\u00a0to\u00a0turn\u00a0in\u00a0that\u00a0direction. –\u00a0Telemark\u00a0kick\u00a0turns:<\/strong>\u00a0In\u00a0a\u00a0telemark\u00a0position,\u00a0\u00a0glide\u00a0down\u00a0a\u00a0slope\u00a0at\u00a0a\u00a0slight\u00a0angle, then\u00a0kick\u00a0the\u00a0skis\u00a0around\u00a0(like\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0step\u00a0turns)\u00a0and\u00a0glide\u00a0down\u00a0the\u00a0other\u00a0way\u00a0at\u00a0a slight\u00a0angle.\u00a0Continue\u00a0until\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0bottom\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0hill. To\u00a0assist\u00a0us\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0learning\u00a0and\u00a0practicing\u00a0of\u00a0these\u00a0techniques\u00a0and\u00a0to\u00a0improve\u00a0our balance\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0skis,\u00a0several\u00a0challenges\u00a0were\u00a0given\u00a0to\u00a0us.
\nThis\u00a0involved\u00a0the\u00a0following:<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em>–\u00a0Downhill\u00a0skiing\u00a0with\u00a0snow\u00a0ploughs\u00a0having\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0done\u00a0every\u00a0time\u00a0the\u00a0instructor\u00a0yelled\u00a0\u2018stop\u2019. –\u00a0Downhill\u00a0skiing\u00a0in\u00a0which\u00a0a\u00a0telemark\u00a0turn\u00a0was\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0completed\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0end –\u00a0Organ\u00a0pipes\u00a0where\u00a0the\u00a0snow\u00a0is\u00a0uneven\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0weight\u00a0must\u00a0be\u00a0transferred\u00a0to\u00a0and\u00a0from\u00a0each\u00a0leg. –\u00a0Jumps\u00a0where\u00a0we\u00a0were\u00a0to\u00a0ski\u00a0downhill,\u00a0over\u00a0a\u00a0jump\u00a0and\u00a0land\u00a0in\u00a0a\u00a0telemark\u00a0position. –\u00a0Downhill\u00a0skiing\u00a0with\u00a0telemark\u00a0kick\u00a0turns.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

4. Day\u00a0Pack\u00a0Contents:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/em>On\u00a0all\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0days\u00a0we\u00a0were\u00a0required\u00a0to\u00a0take\u00a0a\u00a0small\u00a0day\u00a0pack\u00a0with\u00a0us.\u00a0Inside\u00a0this day\u00a0pack\u00a0was\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0food,\u00a0water,\u00a0a\u00a0hot\u00a0drink,\u00a0warm\u00a0clothes,\u00a0spare\u00a0beanie,\u00a0spare\u00a0socks, spare\u00a0gloves,\u00a0a\u00a0map,\u00a0a\u00a0compass,\u00a0a\u00a0rope,\u00a0a\u00a0knife\u00a0and\u00a0a\u00a0shovel.\u00a0When\u00a0packing\u00a0the\u00a0bag it\u00a0is\u00a0important\u00a0to\u00a0remember\u00a0the\u00a0following\u00a0things: –\u00a0Always\u00a0waterproof\u00a0the\u00a0gear.\u00a0Whether\u00a0it\u00a0be\u00a0with\u00a0several\u00a0dry\u00a0bags\u00a0or\u00a0by\u00a0placing\u00a0a plastic\u00a0garbage\u00a0bag\u00a0inside\u00a0the\u00a0day\u00a0pack. –\u00a0Always\u00a0pack\u00a0the\u00a0heaviest\u00a0items\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0bottom\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0pack\u00a0and\u00a0closest\u00a0to\u00a0your\u00a0back. This\u00a0is\u00a0so\u00a0the\u00a0weight\u00a0is\u00a0carried\u00a0on\u00a0your\u00a0hips\u00a0rather\u00a0than\u00a0your\u00a0shoulders. When putting on your pack, loosen all straps first. Then place on back, tip over at the hips an clip the waist buckles together and pull tight – this will ensure a tight fit on the hips. Next tighten the shoulder straps and clip the chest straps together. Lastly, pull the smaller hip straps and shoulder straps to fit it perfectly. The bag should sit comfortably on the shoulders but with most of the weight being carried by the hips. –\u00a0Always\u00a0keep\u00a0a\u00a0small\u00a0bottle\u00a0of\u00a0water\u00a0and\u00a0a\u00a0warm\u00a0jacket\u00a0(down\u00a0or\u00a0primaloft\u00a0jacket)\u00a0near\u00a0the\u00a0top. –\u00a0In\u00a0snowy\u00a0conditions,\u00a0always\u00a0place\u00a0warm\u00a0water\u00a0in\u00a0your\u00a0bottles\u00a0so\u00a0it\u00a0does\u00a0not\u00a0freeze. –\u00a0Make\u00a0sure\u00a0your\u00a0medication\u00a0or\u00a0first\u00a0aid\u00a0kit\u00a0is\u00a0in\u00a0an\u00a0easy\u00a0to\u00a0reach\u00a0place. –\u00a0Never\u00a0place\u00a0the\u00a0shovel\u00a0in\u00a0a\u00a0place\u00a0that\u00a0it\u00a0may\u00a0injure\u00a0you\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0event\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0fall.<\/p>\n

5. First\u00a0Aid\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0field:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/strong>Accidents\u00a0can\u00a0always\u00a0occur\u00a0and\u00a0this\u00a0is\u00a0why\u00a0whenever\u00a0travelling,\u00a0you\u00a0should\u00a0keep a\u00a0first\u00a0aid\u00a0kit\u00a0handy.\u00a0Ensure\u00a0that\u00a0your\u00a0first\u00a0aid\u00a0kit\u00a0is\u00a0well\u00a0stocked\u00a0before\u00a0each\u00a0trip and\u00a0is\u00a0suitable\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0trip\u00a0you\u00a0are\u00a0completing.
\nA\u00a0first\u00a0aid\u00a0kit\u00a0should\u00a0include\u00a0the\u00a0following\u00a0items:<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em>–\u00a0Rescue\u00a0blanket:<\/em>\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0event\u00a0of\u00a0hypothermia\u00a0this\u00a0can\u00a0be\u00a0used\u00a0to\u00a0keep\u00a0the\u00a0casualty\u00a0warm. –\u00a0Gloves,\u00a0face\u00a0mask,\u00a0tissues:\u00a0to\u00a0protect\u00a0you\u00a0from\u00a0any\u00a0illness\u00a0\/\u00a0disease\u00a0the\u00a0person\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0carrying. –\u00a0Modifiable\u00a0splint:<\/em>\u00a0to\u00a0stabilize\u00a0injured\u00a0body\u00a0parts –\u00a0Tape:<\/em>\u00a0To\u00a0strap\u00a0injured\u00a0parts,\u00a0to\u00a0prevent\u00a0blisters,\u00a0to\u00a0tape\u00a0a\u00a0splint\u00a0\u2013\u00a0there\u00a0are\u00a0many\u00a0uses\u00a0for\u00a0tape. –\u00a0Bandages,\u00a0plasters,\u00a0patches:\u00a0to\u00a0place\u00a0over\u00a0wounds –\u00a0Scissors<\/em> –\u00a0Pen\u00a0and\u00a0paper:<\/em>\u00a0to\u00a0write\u00a0down\u00a0the\u00a0occurences\u00a0so\u00a0the\u00a0paramedics\u00a0have\u00a0an\u00a0exact copy\u00a0of\u00a0what\u00a0happened\u00a0and\u00a0what\u00a0measures\u00a0have\u00a0taken\u00a0to\u00a0help\u00a0them –\u00a0Phone\u00a0or\u00a0Spot\u00a0device:<\/em> When\u00a0handling\u00a0a\u00a0first\u00a0aid\u00a0situation,\u00a0DRABCD\u00a0should\u00a0be\u00a0followed.
\nThis\u00a0acronym stands\u00a0for:<\/em><\/p>\n

Danger – Response – Airways – Breathing – CPR – Defibrillation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Always\u00a0looks\u00a0for\u00a0dangers\u00a0first\u00a0as\u00a0your\u00a0safety\u00a0is\u00a0more\u00a0important.\u00a0If\u00a0it\u00a0is clear\u00a0then\u00a0you\u00a0may\u00a0move\u00a0ahead\u00a0to\u00a0treat\u00a0the\u00a0casualty. The\u00a0main\u00a0risks\u00a0out\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0snow\u00a0include\u00a0injuries\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0broken\u00a0bones\u00a0or\u00a0torn ligaments\u00a0\/\u00a0tendons\u00a0\/\u00a0muscles,\u00a0concussion\u00a0from\u00a0a\u00a0collision, frostbite\u00a0and\u00a0dehydration. Never move someone suspected of having a broken neck or spine.
\nThe handiest item to have in a first aid kit is a ‘Euro Splint’. This is an adjustable foam that can have many uses including a splint, neck brace and strapping. Another main<\/em>\u00a0risk out in this environment that was not mentioned is hypothermia.<\/p>\n

How to treat hypothermia:<\/em>
\nHypothermia is “a potentially dangerous drop in body temperature, usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold\u00a0temperatures” (WebMD 2014). The general symptoms of hypothermia include shivering, shallow breathing, confusion, exhaustion, a weaker or slower pulse and loss of co-ordination. In more severe case, the person may be unconscious. The three stages of hypothermia include:
\nMild hypothermia: a body temperature of 32 – 35 degrees Celsius
\nModerate hypothermia: a body temperature of 27 – 32 degrees Celsius
\nSevere hypothermia: a body temperature of lower than 27 degrees Celsius
\nTo treat someone that may be suffering from hypothermia you should:
\n– remove any wet clothes
\n– protect the person from any further heat loss, thus shelter them from wind and the cold elements as much as possible
\n– Slowly attempt to warm up the person by adding warm clothing, placing an emergency blanket around them, using body heat or hot packs (just be wary that hot packs could burn the skin).
\n– give them warm fluids like water or juice but avoid coffee and alcohol as these remove heat from the body.
\n– in severe cases, call the emergency number and follow the above information until help arrives.<\/p>\n

Knowing some basic first aid is a must when out in the field.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

References:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Evo 2014, ‘How to buy back-country climbing skins’, <http:\/\/www.evo.com\/how-to-buy-backcountry-climbing-skins.aspx> viewed 11\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

Omer and Bob’s Sports Shop 2014, ‘Nordic Skis Camber’, Image, <http:\/\/www.omerandbobs.com\/info_center\/winter_faq\/images\/doublecamber.jpg> viewed 11\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

St John Ambulance 2014, ‘First Aid advice’, <http:\/\/www.sja.org.uk\/sja\/first-aid-advice.aspx> viewed 10\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

Swix 2014, ‘Wax Products’, <http:\/\/www.swixsport.com\/eway\/default.aspx?pid=278&trg=MainContent_6179&MainContent_6179=6117:0:24,2655> viewed 10\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

Swix School N.D, ‘How to Wax Skis’, <http:\/\/www.swixschool.com\/> viewed 11\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

The Shutlz Gambit 2013, ‘What’s in the pack – ski touring’, <http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Lo4e5862Xy0\/UOYkLsk0jZI\/AAAAAAAAA7A\/w0yI7eYdQrU\/s1600\/IMG_0288.JPG> viewed 12\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

WebMD 2014, ‘What is hypothermia’, Information and resources, <http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/a-to-z-guides\/what-is-hypothermia> viewed 13\/4\/2014<\/p>\n

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