What is cold weather?
Normally minus degrees or al lot of wind and rain.
How start freezing first?
1 Woman –> Less fat and lower blood circulation
2 Young kids –> Less fat, Less muscles, they do not think about it
3 Old people –> lower blood circulation
4 People who are not used to be outside
5 People from warmer regions
6 People with worse closes
7 People who feel a bit ill
8 Smoker and Drinker
How to avoid getting cold?
▪ Everybody has to look after himself!
▪ Enough food
▪ Enough to drink–> 2-3l if you move a lot more
▪ Avoid to sweat –> over-active
▪ Do not stand to long still –> under-active
Good Clothes:
Frist layer: Wool –> keeps you warm
Second layer: A warm Pullover
Third layer: Wind and water proof clothes
Hat–> You loses more then 70 per cent of your total body heat over your heat!
Scarf; Gloves … –> everywhere the veins runs next to the skin you lose a lot of heat
What keeps the body warm?
Blood; Movement; shiver
Where do we feel cold first?
Fingers and toes
How long can somebody survive in the cold water?
5-10 min –> afterwards you are not able to do anything anymore
Diseases:
▪ Hypothermia –> under 35 degrees Body heat
Symptoms:
Lethargies; shiver but the person do not feel cold anymore; get slowly; loses the ability to speak in clear sentences; loses coordination; Blue lips
What to do:
▪ Undress wet clothes and pit dry and warm ones on
▪ Person has to eat something warm with a lot of sugar –> melted chocolate
▪ Bring the person directly into a warm environment –> in a emergence a tent or a bivouac
▪ Skin in skin with a person who has enough energy
▪ The person has to rest at least 1 day
▪ Frostbites –> the part of the body do not gets enough blood anymore –> die off
Symptoms:
Either white spots that do not get red after touching or red blisters
What to do:
▪ Keep the part of the body warm and dry
▪ Do not open the blisters cover them or bandage them
▪ Rub the part of the body warm and cover it afterwards
▪ Sunburn –> Snow reflects the Sun –> use sun cream before you start a trip and during the trip
▪ Snow- blindness –> to much UV-radiation
Symptoms:
▪ Red eyes
▪ Pain
What to do:
Anvil the sun; cover the eyes –> sunglasses
Need 2-3 days to recover
▪ Dehydration –> person did not drunk enough
Symptoms:
▪ Dark, yellow Urine
▪ Headache
▪ Thirsty
▪ Person has problems to see clearly
▪ Person to not feel hungry
▪ Stomach ache
What to do:
Person has to drink something slowing over a long period