What is cold weather?

Normally minus degrees or al lot of wind and rain.

How start freezing first?

1  Woman –> Less fat and lower blood circulation

2  Young kids –> Less fat, Less muscles, they do not think about it

3 Old people –> lower blood circulation

4  People who are not used to be outside

5  People from warmer regions

6 People with worse closes

7  People who feel a bit ill

8 Smoker and Drinker

How to avoid getting cold?

▪   Everybody has to look after himself!

▪   Enough food

▪   Enough to drink–> 2-3l if you move a lot more

▪   Avoid to sweat –> over-active

▪   Do not stand to long still –> under-active

Good Clothes:

Frist layer: Wool –> keeps you warm

Second layer: A warm Pullover

Third layer: Wind and water proof clothes

Hat–> You loses more then 70 per cent of your total body heat over your heat!

Scarf; Gloves …  –> everywhere the veins runs next to the skin you lose a lot of heat

What keeps the body warm?

Blood; Movement; shiver

Where do we feel cold first?

Fingers and toes

How long can somebody survive in the cold water?

5-10 min –> afterwards you are not able to do anything anymore

Diseases:

▪   Hypothermia –> under 35 degrees Body heat

Symptoms:

Lethargies; shiver but the person do not feel cold anymore; get slowly; loses the ability to speak in clear sentences; loses coordination; Blue lips

What to do:

▪   Undress wet clothes and pit dry and warm ones on

▪   Person has to eat something warm with a lot of sugar –> melted chocolate

▪   Bring the person directly into a warm environment –> in a emergence a tent or a bivouac

▪   Skin in skin with a person who has enough energy

▪   The person has to rest at least 1 day

▪   Frostbites –> the part of the body do not gets enough blood anymore –> die off

Symptoms:

Either white spots that do not get red after touching or red blisters

What to do:

▪   Keep the part of the body warm and dry

▪   Do not open the blisters cover them or bandage them

▪   Rub the part of the body warm and cover it afterwards

▪   Sunburn –> Snow reflects the Sun –> use sun cream before you start a trip and during the trip

▪   Snow- blindness –> to much UV-radiation

Symptoms:

▪   Red eyes

▪   Pain

What to do:

Anvil the sun; cover the eyes –> sunglasses

Need 2-3 days to recover

▪   Dehydration –> person did not drunk enough

Symptoms:

▪   Dark, yellow Urine

▪   Headache

▪   Thirsty

▪   Person has problems to see clearly

▪   Person to not feel hungry

▪   Stomach ache

What to do:

Person has to drink something slowing over a long period