Noreg – eit dialekteldorado

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Vi bur i eit langstrakt land med mange ulike talemål og det er viktig at elevane skjønar at dette har historiske og geografiske grunnar. Ei dialekt kan seie mykje om ein kor ein er vakse opp, kva for ein kultur ein har vært ein del av og som igjen har farga identiteten din. I ulike medier høyrar vi ulike dialektar, og for å kunne forstå kvarandre er det viktig å vite om skilnadar i dei ulike dialektane. I tillegg til ei mengde dialektar har vi to jamnstilte skriftspråk, nynorsk og bokmål. Vi har ikkje ei munnleg talenorm, som til dømes Sverige har med sin rikssvensk.

I dagens skule er det obligatorisk å lære seg både nynorsk og bokmål. Kommunane vel sjølv kva for ein målform dei ønskar å bruke, som oftast er det den målformen som ligg tettast opp til talemålet som blir valgd.

Dette vil eg tru er bakgrunnen for at eit kompetansemål etter 4.årstrinn er at elevane ”skal kunne beskrive eige talemål og samanlikne med andres” og at eit kompetansemål etter 7.årstrinn er at elevane ”skal kunne samanlikne talemål i eige miljø med nokre andre talemålsvariantar og med dei skriftlege målformane bokmål og nynorsk”.

Korleis kan vi arbeide for å nå desse kompetansemåla?

Uansett årstrinn ville eg byrja med litt språkhistorie, tilrettelagt for det årstrinnet eg undervisar. Deretter vil eg vise filmklipp og la dei jobbe med ulike geografiske dialektar.
Da vi i 1814 fekk vår eiga grunnlov dukka det ganske snart opp eit ønske om vårt eiga norske skriftspråk, noko som betød å lausrive seg frå det danske. Knud Knudsen ønska å fornorske dansken og er blitt kalla bokmålets far. Ivar Asen, nynorskens far, ville at Noreg skulle ha eit skriftspråk med utgångspunkt i dei norske dialektane. Det blei ikkje einigheit kva for eit skriftspråk som skulle brukast og det er difor vi den dag i dag har to.

Det var lite kontakt mellom folk frå ulike stader av landet før vi ble så mobile som vi er i dag. Nå gjer også internett og tv at vi høyrer folk med ulike dialekter dagleg. Dette er med på å viske ut noken av dialektforskjellane, men særtrekka er der enno.

Eg ønskje at elevane skal få oppleve at språkleg variasjon ikkje bare handlar om dei ulike geografiske dialektane, men at det kan være stor skilnad mellom generasjonane. Det kan også være av betydning hvilke sosiale grupper ein tilhøyrer (sosiolekt) og hvilket etnisk opphav ein har (etnolekt). For å nå dette målet kan ein vise videoklipp av dei tradisjonelle norske dialektane, samt innvandrerprega talemål og sosiale talemålskilnader.
For at elevane skal sjå at språkleg variasjon også forekommer mellom generalsjonane, kan ein gje dei i oppgåve å utforske skilnadene mellom sitt eige talemål og sine foreldre/besteforeldre sitt.

Det fins eit uttal viser, dikt og historiar på dialekt som ein kan jobbe med i undervisninga. Ein artig vri kunne være å lage sitt eige dikt på sin eigen dialekt. Dersom det er fleire dialektar representrert i klassen kan dette bli veldig lærerikt.

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