Det jeg gleder meg mest til er å undervise i er musikk, fordi det er et krevende fag fordi det inneholder så mange ulike posisjoner som må tas hensyn til. Musikk er et; estetisk fag(sansekunnskap), kunnskaps fag(teori), ferdighets fag(samspill), trivsels fag, kritisk fag, mediefag og musisk fag (Hanken & Johansen, 1998).
«Hvilken undervisning som gir god læring, vil variere med faget det undervises i, elevenes forutsetninger og ikke minst med hvordan læreren framstår og gjennomfører undervisningen (Lillejord, Manger, & Nordahl, 2010)». Dette sitatet har jeg alltid i bakhodet når jeg skal planlegge en undervisningsøkt.
Mye av min planlegging bygges på tre viktige spørsmål: Hva – Hvordan – Hvorfor. Hva eleven skal lære – målet for undervisningen, hvordan eleven skal lære det – hvilke metoder jeg bruker og til slutt hvorfor eleven skal lære det – hvorfor jeg bruker den/de spesifikke metodene.
For å få en god undervisningsøkt må en ta elevenes forutsetninger på alvor. I musikkfaget finnes det utviklingsmessige forutsetninger, individuelle forutsetninger og sosialkulturelle forutsetninger som kan stå i veien for eleven. Dette er noe jeg alltid tar i betraktning i min planlegging (Hanken & Johansen, 1998).
«Hovedområdet å musisere omfatter praktisk arbeid med sang, spill på ulike instrumenter(…)». Å drive med musisering i musikkundervisningen skal bestå av mest mulig musisering(mmm) – eleven får en estetisk opplevelse. I musisering er det rom for å lære av andre medelever samt meg som lærer. Vygotsky sier at kunnskap er fordelt, derfor må læring skje i samhandling med andre(noe som jeg er veldig enig i).
I min undervisning sørger jeg alltid for å ha variasjon, eventuelt et lytteeksempel, rytmelek, gehørbingo, synge en sang fordi det vil gi eleven et avbrekk. Det kan være vanskelig for eleven å konsentrere seg om kun en aktivitet.
O’hoi
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Oamenii au inceput sa masoare timpul relativ recent in lunga noastra istorie.
Dorinta de a ne sincroniza activitatile a aparut acum 5-6000 ani cand stramosii nostri nomazi au inceput sa se stabilizeze in vetre.
De-a lungul secolelor, oamenii au inventat tot felul de metode creative pentru a
masura timpul, de la cele mai elementare cadrane solare, pana la
ceasurile atomice pe baza de cesiu din ziua de astazi.
Se pare ca egiptenii au fost prima civilizatie care a facut din inregistrare timpului o stiinta.
Ei sunt primii care au construit obeliscuri, cu aprox 5500 ani
in urma. Ora era masurata in functie de umbra facuta de obelisc pe sol.
Dupa alti 2000 de ani, tot egiptenii au inventat primele cadrane solare, divizate in 10 parti.
Desigur, toate dispozitivele ce aveau la baza lumina soarelui,
erau inutile pe vreme inorata.
Chiar si astazi, soarele se afla la radacina sistemului nostru de a masura timpul.
Civilizatia noastra a stabilit fuse orare ce inconjoara planeta, pentru a mima roatia pamantului in jurul soarelui.
Tot egiptenii se pare ca au inventat si prima metoda de a
stabili ora exacta pe timpul noptii. Ei se foloseau de
doua sfori cu greutati la capat pe care le aliniau cu steaua nordului,
trasand astfel o linie nord-sud. Ora exacta era
masurata pe masura ce anumite stele treceau de acea linie.
De asemenea stelele pot fi folosite pt a demarca trecerea zilelor, nu
doar a orelor.
Clepsidra este un alt instrument cu ajutorul
caruia se poate masura trecerea unui anumit timp. Aceasta este compusa din doua bule de sticla cu o mica deschizatura intre
ele prin care trece un nisip fin. De asemenea exista si
un tip de clepsidra ce foloseste apa in loc de nisip.
Ceasurile mecanice au inceput sa apara in Europa prin anii
1300. Primele astfel de ceasuri nu aveau limbi, ci doar un clopot care
suna din ora in ora.
Odata cu revolutia industriala au aparut ceasurile mecanice cu resort, astfel orice om de rand putea sti ora exacta.
Ceasurile cu quartz din ziua de astazi functioneaza datorita proprietatii piezoelectrice a cristalelor
de quartz, care vibreaza toate la aceeasi frecventa.
Un circuit electronic este folosit pentru a genera un puls in fiecare secunda.
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